Sunday, August 19, 2012

When the Siren Wailed – Memoirs of Wartime Gozo (2012) ta’ Charles Bezzina


Dwar Malta fi żmien it-Tieni Gwerra Dinjija nkiteb ħafna, kemm bil-Malti u kemm bl-Ingliż. Imma dwar ir-rabta bejn l-istess perijodu u Għawdex inkiteb ħafna inqas. Għalhekk Charles Bezzina fis-sena 2000 kien ippubblika l-ktieb bl-isem ta’ Il-Qilla tal-Gwerra Fuq Għawdex 1940-1943 miktub minn missieru Frank Bezzina (1825-1996). Kien ktieb li ntlaqa’ tajjeb tassew u li kien mela n-nuqqas fl-istorja ta’ Għawdex matul it-Tieni Gwerra Dinjija.

Issa, fis-sena 2012, Charles Bezzina ħaseb li jmur lil hinn minn dan. Iktar kemm iż-żmien kien qed jitbiegħed mill-esperjenza tal-Gwerra msemmija, huwa ħass il-bżonn li jiġbor għadd ta’ esperjenzi direttament mill-fomm ta’ Għawdxin li għexuha fl-ewwel persuna. Dan biex juri l-impatt soċjali tal-Gwerra fuq Għawdex. B’hekk Bezzina jinkludi f’When the Siren Wailed (2012) numru ta’ esperjenzi personali mlewna magħmulin mit-tifkiriet ta’ dawk li għexu s-snin diffiċli tal-Gwerra. Huwa jagħżel li jinkludi 20 tifkira li meta jitqiegħdu flimkien jiffurmaw bħal katina li tixħet dawl fuq avveniment mill-ikbar, epoka magħmula minn dlam, biża’ u mewt, imma anki minn sagrifiċċji kbar li jseħħu matul kull gwerra.

Biex jgħin lill-qarrej isir jaf aktar dwar dak li ġarrab Għawdex matul is-snin tal-Gwerra u juri l-impatt li din kellha fuq il-gżira, Bezzina jinkludi Introduzzjoni – “A look at Gozo during the War 1940-1943” – daħla mdaqqsa (ta’ 23 paġna) fejn jagħti titwila lejn Għawdex waqt dan il-perijodu, kollu materjal meħud mill-ktieb Il-Qilla tal-Gwerra fuq Għawdex 1940-1943. Din l-Introduzzjoni tinqasam fi 15-il parti: it-taqsimiet jittrattaw suġġetti bħall-pożizzjoni strateġika ta’ Għawdex, l-air-raids, l-ajruplani li waqgħu fuq Għawdex, ir-refuġjati Maltin (li telgħu miz-zona tal-Port il-Kbir, mid-Dar ta’ San Vinċenz de Paul, imma anki minn Ordnijiet differenti ta’ sorijiet u patrijiet), l-amministrazzjoni Għawdxija, l-edukazzjoni (is-sistema tal-half-time, fejn filgħodu kienu jiġu mgħallma s-subien u waranofsinhar il-bniet, sistema li kienet talterna dan il-mudell kull tant żmien), l-Uffiċċju tal-Protezzjoni, il-black market, il-Knisja (li għenet ħafna biex żammet lill-poplu psikoloġikament intatt u b’saħħtu), l-isptarijiet Għawdxin, il-ġbir tal-qamħ u t-tħin tal-imtieħen, l-ispazju marittimu bejn Malta u Għawdex, il-proviżjonijiet tad-difiża, u l-mitjar f’Għawdex.

Din hija Introduzzjoni li tiswa mitqlu deheb għal min jixtieq jifhem aħjar minn xiex għadda Għawdex fit-Tieni Gwerra Dinjija. Meta, partikularment fl-1942, l-ajruplani Ġermaniżi attakkaw lil din il-gżira u sparaw fuq kull ħaġa li raw, huma għamlu dan bla ebda diffikultà, ladarba ma kien għad hemm l-ebda difiża kontra l-air-raids. Imma l-ewwel attakk serju kien diġà seħħ f’Diċembru tal-1941, fuq  ir-Rabat. Biż-żmien ġew attakkati n-Nadur, ix-Xewkija, Għajnsielem, ix-Xagħra, l-Għarb,  u s-Sannat, u f’dawn kollha l-Gwerra ħalliet numru ta’ vittmi. L-eluf ta’ Maltin li sabu kenn fil-gżira t’Għawdex għinu ħafna lill-komunità tal-post mhux biss ekonomikament imma anki kulturalment.

Wara l-Introduzzjoni Bezzina jinkludi wkoll numru sabiħ ta’ ritratti b/w li jintrabtu ma’ Għawdex fi żmien it-Tieni Gwerra Dinjija. Imbagħad jibdew l-għoxrin tifkira rrakkuntati direttament minn min għex dawk is-snin ta’ biża’, imma anki snin ta’ prova. Charles Bezzina jibda mit-tifkiriet ta’ missieru stess, Frank, li fi żmien il-Gwerra kellu mal-15-il sena. Frank jitkellem dwar il-ġbir, mit-tfal ta’ dak iż-żmien, ta’ biċċiet ta’ bombi sploduti u ħwejjeġ oħra marbutin mal-Gwerra, imma anki dwar l-ewwel ajruplan li waqa’ fuq Għawdex. Ġużeppi Buhagiar jitkellem mil-lenti ta’ għalliem u Special Constable. Huwa jittratta l-victory kitchens f’Għawdex u s-sitwazzjoni tal-iskejjel, imma jitkellem ukoll dwar refuġjati Maltin fix-Xagħra. Jgħid li bosta kienu nies ta’ kultura, fosthom Ġużè Orlando u Mro. Vincenzo Bugeja. Fr. Ġiġi Camilleri jitkellem mill-perspettiva ta’ parti Ġiżwita. Bejn l-1940 u l-1943 ma setgħux jiġu ċċelebrati l-festi tal-villaġġi u l-qniepen tal-knejjes kienu jindaqqu biss biex javżaw li jkun spiċċa l-periklu tal-attakki mill-ajru. Luigi Cauchi jitkellem dwar il-mini (mines) li spiss kienu jidħlu jifflowtjaw fid-Dwejra. Dawk tal-Mgr. Albert Curmi huma tifkiriet ta’ żminijiet sbieħ f’Għawdex: it-tfulija u r-rabta mal-kampanja u s-skiet, is-sajjieda u l-ħut frisk, l-iljieli fil-kenn tal-għerien Ta’ Gori fix-Xlendi, l-iskola u d-duttrina. Dan kollu jitqiegħed f’kuntrast mal-kefrija tal-gwerra.

Anton Farrugia mbagħad ifakkar li l-Gwerra ġabet magħha t-tagħlim tas-Soċjetà tal-M.U.S.E.U.M. f’Għawdex. Dan kien bdieh is-Superjur Manwel Bianco mill-Ħamrun li fi żmien il-Gwerra kien refuġjat f’Għawdex. Farrugia jitkellem ukoll dwar l-attakk tal-ajruplani Ġermaniżi fuq Pjazza Savina, fir-Rabat. Tarċisju Galea jammetti li l-gwerra għallmitu bosta ħwejjeġ, imma fuq kollox l-għerf prattiku. Mgr. Anton Gauci jfakkar għadd ta’ għalliema u surmastrijiet refuġjati li kienu jaħdmu fl-iskejjel Għawdxin. Francis Mercieqa jitkellem dwar il-bombi anti-personnel li qatlu ħafna tfal innoċenti, u anki dwar il-ħajja miżera fix-xelters. Joseph Micallef jiftakar fil-logħob tipiku tat-tfal fi Pjazza Savina, fosthom il-gwerra Franċiża, il-passju u l-Mistoħbija; jirrakkonta wkoll dwar l-attakk fuq l-HMS Illustrious minn min rah minn Għawdex. Joseph Portelli jgħid li l-Gwerra għallmitu t-tifsira tal-kelma sagrifiċċju, xi ħaġa nieqsa tassew fost il-ġenerazzjonijiet iż-żgħar tal-preżent. Joseph Said jagħtina r-rakkont tal-ewwel attakk mill-ajru fuq il-gżejjer Maltin matul il-lejn bejn l-10 u l-11 ta’ Ġunju 1940. Jitkellem ukoll dwar is-solidarjetà li l-Għawdxin urew mar-refuġjati Maltin, il-blackout u t-tħin klandestin. Fr. Ġużeppi Saliba jiftakar fil-maskri tal-gass li kienu jilbsu anki t-tfal. Ġorġ Tabone jitkellem dwar il-fran tal-ħobż f’Għawdex u t-tqassim tal-ħobż anki fi żminijiet diffiċli.

Bezzina jagħti spazju anki lin-nisa. Veronica Mintoff tittratta dwar l-involviment tan-nisa Għawdxin fil-Gwerra. Interessanti l-fatt li għall-bidu tal-Gwerra, meta l-Ġermaniżi invadew il-Polonja, bosta nisa Għawdxin kienu jħitu ġerżijiet għal dawk il-Pollakki li sfaw bla dar. Titkellem ukoll dwar modi differenti kif kien jintaħan il-qamħ fi żminijiet verament diffiċli. Mary Spiteri titkellem dwar il-black market, u l-imwiet fil-villaġġi Għawdxin minħabba l-attakki mill-ajru. Tgħid li dawn ta’ żmien il-gwerra kienu wkoll snin ta’ improviżazzjoni.

Fr. Ġwann Xuereb jittratta l-1942, l-agħar sena għal Għawdex. Matulha l-ajruplani Ġermaniżi kienu jtiru fil-baxx biex iħallu warajhom qirda u mewt. Jitkellem ukoll dwar tmiem it-Torri ta’ Ġorġun. L-aħħar testimonjanza hija dik tal-perit Andrè Zammit. Isemmi xi rivisti Taljani għat-tfal tal-epoka bħall-Corriere dei Piccoli u Il Calcio Illustrato, u jiftakar fid-diskors ta’ Mussolini mill-gallarija tal-Palazz Venezia f’Ruma. Jiftakar ukoll fin-nuqqas ta’ ħwejjeġ u żraben matul il-gwerra, f’xogħol in-nisa li kienu joftqu u jġanntu l-ħwejjeġ f’waqtiet ta’ bżonn u fis-solidarjetà bejn in-nies fi bżonn. Jiftakar anki fis-sabiħ ta’ żmien il-gwerra: it-tfal u l-logħob fit-triq, u l-ħbiberija mas-suldati Ingliżi.

Huma kollha tifkiriet marbutin ma’ waqtiet u spazji partikulari. Dawk li jippreżentalna Bezzina huma testimonjanzi ta’ persuni (li fi żmien il-Gwerra kienu għadhom tfal jew adoloxxenti; id-data tat-twelid tagħhom tvarja mis-sena l-1911 sal-1933) ġejjin minn irkejjen differenti f’Għawdex – ir-Rabat, ix-Xagħra, San Lawrenz, il-Fontana, l-Għarb, il-Munxar, l-Għasri, il-Qala, in-Nadur, iż-Żebbuġ, Ta’ Sannat, Għajnsielem, Ta’ Kerċem u x-Xewkija. F’dawn l-għoxrin tifkira hemm ħafna ripetizzjonijiet. Imma dan ma jdejjaqx anki għax huma rrakkuntati minn persuni differenti, mela anki minn perspettivi differenti.

Importanti u interessanti huma wkoll il-ħafna laqmijiet li Bezzina jinkludi, kollha marbutin ma’ persuni u familji ewlenin fil-gżira Għawdxija (is-Sangilot, Tat-Tined, Ta’ Grejbel, Ta’ Berta, Tal-Vixxni, L-Abbissin, Ta’ Brajġu, Ta’ Peppinu, Ta’ Sufa, Ta’ Xaqqaq, Ta’ Rmied, Ta’ Marċell, Tal-Għaġina, Tal-Baskuttelli, Ta’ Ġoppi, Ta’ Qniepen, Tal-Kliku, u bosta oħrajn). When the Siren Wails hu interessanti wkoll mil-lat tat-toponimija Għawdxija. Fil-fatt jissemmew bosta toroq u oqsma Għawdxin bħall-Wilġa tal-Qasam, Taċ-Ċawla, Ta’ Kuljat, Tad-Dabrani, l-Għolja ta’ Għar Ilma, Qasam San Ġorġ, Tat-Tafal, Triq Birbuba, it-Torri ta’ Cardona, il-Qortin tax-Xagħra, l-irdumijiet Ta’ Vnuta, Ta’ Xħajma, it-Torri ta’ Kenuna, u bosta oħrajn. Kienet tkun idea verament sabiħa kieku dawn l-oqsma differenti ġew murija fuq mappa apposta li kienet tkun parti mill-istess ktieb.

Kelma ta’ tifħir tmur għat-traduttur Alfred Palma li ma qalibx biss il-partijiet narrattivi għall-Ingliż, imma anki l-partijiet versifikati fejn żamm saħansitra r-rima aħħarija.

When the Siren Wailed jissejjes fuq il-wirt li ħallewlna dawk li għexu t-Tieni Gwerra Dinjija. Ftit mix-xhieda għadhom ħajjin illum, imma l-kelma tagħhom tibqa’ bis-saħħa tal-iniżżjattiva sabiħa ta’ Charles Bezzina. Ma ninsewx li poplu fqir u miskin huwa dak li ma jafx l-istorja ta’ ġensu, it-tbatijiet, is-sagrifiċċji, il-waqtiet sbieħ u koroh li għadda minnhom. When the Siren Wailed huwa ktieb rigal ieħor li jgħinna noħorġu mid-dlam tal-injuranza u nifhmu aħjar min aħna bħala poplu. U dan kollu issa jista’ jinqara, jinftiehem u jiġi apprezzat anki mill-qarrej barrani, bis-saħħa tat-traduzzjoni prima ta’ Alfred Palma.

Patrick Sammut

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